https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14356/1701 2026-04-13T10:25:01Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14356/1728 Title: Pancreatic Abscess: An Unusual Presentation of Pancreatic Tail Cancer Authors: Bhattarai, M; Bansal, P; Diehl, D; Nepal, H Abstract: Abstract Pancreatic abscess usually occurs in the setting of pancreatitis especially if complicated by pseudocysts or pancreatic necrosis. On the other hand, pancreatic body and tail cancer is relatively uncommon cancer and rarely does it present as a pancreatic abscess. We describe a 50-year-old man with sepsis due to underlying pancreatic abscess, who was later diagnosed to have pancreatic tail adenocarcinoma with the help of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology. Description: Case Study 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14356/1727 Title: Acute Pulmonary Embolism after Cesarean Section Authors: Pandey, S; Sharma, J; Manandhar, B L; Adhikhari, A Abstract: Abstract Pregnancy is a well-known state of hypercoagubality, increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is more common with cesarean delivery than vaginal delivery. Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is under diagnosed during pregnancy and postpartum period as majority of signs and symptoms of PE are non-specific. We describe a case of 35-year-old obese female who suffered a syncopal attack following caesarean delivery and was diagnosed to have pulmonary embolism. A high index of suspicion is required for the timely diagnosis and treatment of PE as most of the signs and symptoms of PE are nonspecific. It is important to consider VTE prophylaxis especially in patients with risk factors. Description: Case Study 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14356/1725 Title: Zika Virus: Yet Another Emerging Threat to Nepal Authors: Dhimal, M; Gautam, I; Baral, G; Pandey, B; Karki, K B Abstract: Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus with single stranded RNA related to yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses and is transmitted by Aedesmosquitoes primarily by Aedesaegiptiwhich is widely distributed in Nepal. ZIKV was first identified incidentally in Rhesus monkey in Uganda in 1947 and human infection in 1952; and by now outbreaks of ZIKV disease have been recorded in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared the ZIKV an international public health emergency. The aim of this paper is to briefly summarize origin, signs, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, preventions and management of ZIKV and possible threat to Nepal in light of endemicity of other arbovirus infections and common mosquito vector species in Nepal. Description: Viewpoint 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14356/1724 Title: Surveillance of Quality of Medicines Available inthe Nepalese Market: A Study from Kathmandu Valley Authors: Gyanwali, P; Humagain, B R; Aryal, K K; Pandit, A; Acharya, T; Bista, B; Dhimal, M; Karki, K B Abstract: Abstract Background: Many countries are having problem of substandard and counterfeit drugs which results in lifethreatening issues, financial loss of consumers and loss in trust on health system. This study is concerned with the assessment of drugs quality available in the Nepalese market. Methods: A cross sectional survey was carried out in Kathmandu valley. Five different brands from each eightmolecules of drugs (Paracetamol tablet, Cloxacillin capsule, Amlodipine tablet, Metformin tablet, Losartan tablet, Cefixime tablet, Ofloxacin tablet, Carbamazepine tablet) were purposively selected. Registration compliancewas verified from Department of Drug Administration (DDA) and laboratorial analysis was done in two different laboratories. Results: Out of 40 drug samples, 90% did not comply with the existing regulatory requirement on labeling and42.5% brands did not mention about the pharmacopoeial standard. There was no uniformity in mentioning the selflife.Similarly,large variationwasseen on price of same genericdrugs. Laboratory analysisshowedthat40% samplesfailedto meet the standard among domestic companies and 28% among importedbrands.Altogether32.5% sampleswerefound to be of substandard quality.Only the resultof one sample matchedwith both laboratories.Thisindicatesthat there was variation in the selected two laboratories. Conclusions: The result of this survey indicates that, substandard medicines are available in Nepalese market.Moreover, there is weak regulation and no uniformity in similar pharmaceutical products. A larger study is requiredto access the quality of pharmaceutical products in the Nepalese market with testing of products in more than two independent laboratories. Description: Original Article 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z